Scientific Journal of Technology is a monthly online, international, peer-reviewed journal, dedicated to publish empirical, academic, theoretical and review research articles that contribute to the practice in science, technology, and related topics. All articles published are rigorously and fast reviewed meeting the Journal Quality standards.
Characteristics, Genetic Mechanisms and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Control of Abnormal High Pressure in the Northwestern Qaidam Basin
Abnormal high-pressure systems are widely developed within the Cenozoic strata of the northwestern Qaidam Basin (NW Qaidam), which is a key geological factor constraining hydrocarbon exploration and drilling safety. This study systematically investigates their distribution characteristics, genetic mechanisms, and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation by comprehensively utilizing a large amount of geological, geophysical, and basin modeling data. The results indicate that the abnormal pressure in the NW Qaidam exhibits a four-segment vertical zonation: low pressure in shallow sections, normal pressure in middle sections, overpressure in mid-deep sections, and strong overpressure in deep sections. The top interface of overpressure lies between 1000 and 2500 m. On a planar scale, the overpressure centers are highly coupled with sedimentary centers. From the Upper Member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation (E32) to the Upper Youshashan Formation (N22), the overpressure centers migrated eastward along with the sedimentary centers. Analysis of genetic mechanisms reveals that the overpressure in the study area results from the combined effects of undercompaction, tectonic compression, and hydrocarbon generation. The widely developed gypsum-salt rocks played a crucial indirect role in the formation and preservation of the overpressure system by enhancing sealing capacity and promoting organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation. The evolution of abnormal high pressure is highly coupled with hydrocarbon charging episodes. The source-reservoir excess pressure difference (up to 10-20 MPa) provided the key driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The overpressure system itself constitutes an effective seal, forming an "overpressure compartment" together with the gypsum-salt caprocks. This compartment controls hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution, leading to primary high-pressure reservoirs within the compartment and secondary normal-pressure reservoirs outside it. This research deepens the theoretical understanding of overpressure systems in saline lacustrine basins under strong tectonic compression and provides a scientific basis for hydrocarbon exploration and drilling engineering safety in the NW Qaidam.
Northwestern Qaidam Basin; Abnormal High Pressure; Genetic Mechanism; Overpressure Evolution; Hydrocarbon Accumulation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Scientific Journal of Technology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Research on Security Mechanism and Testing Verification Method of Encryption Chips for Automotive Information Security Components
Against the background of the rapid popularization of intelligent connected vehicles, the in-vehicle electronic and electrical architecture is continuously upgraded to domain control and centralization, putting forward higher requirements for information security in links such as in-vehicle data interaction, vehicle-cloud communication, firmware upgrade, and identity authentication. As the hardware root of trust in the in-vehicle information security system, encryption chips undertake key functions such as key storage, encryption and decryption operations, digital signature, secure boot, and communication authentication, and their security directly determines the entire vehicle network and data security capabilities. Starting from the actual application scenarios of in-vehicle encryption chips, this paper systematically sorts out their hardware security architecture, key management system, cryptographic algorithm implementation, physical anti-attack design, and secure communication mechanism, analyzes the typical risks faced by encryption chips in the current in-vehicle environment such as physical attacks, side-channel attacks, illegal interface access, and key leakage, and constructs a comprehensive testing verification method covering functional testing, cryptographic performance, physical security, interface security, and environmental reliability combined with ISO/SAE 21434, national cryptographic algorithm standards, and automotive-grade security requirements. Verified through bench testing and real-vehicle environment, the testing system proposed in this paper can comprehensively identify the security shortcomings of encryption chips and realize quantitative evaluation of security capabilities, providing a systematic technical reference for the selection, development, evaluation, and engineering implementation of in-vehicle security chips.
Automotive Information Security; Encryption Chip; Security Mechanism; Key Management; Side-Channel Analysis; Testing Verification; Automotive-Grade Security.
Study on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Fair-Faced Concrete Incorporating Multiple Mineral Admixtures
To achieve coordinated optimization of workability and mechanical performance in fair-faced concrete, an ordinary Portland cement-based binder system incorporating fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BFS), metakaolin (MK), and diatomite (DE) was developed to prepare low-carbon fair-faced concrete with multiple mineral admixtures. An L16(44) orthogonal design was employed to systematically investigate the effects of these factors on spread diameter, T500, compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days, and splitting tensile strength at the same ages. Range analysis, analysis of variance, interaction analysis, and the entropy weight-TOPSIS method were further used for comprehensive evaluation. The results show that workability is mainly governed by FA and MK: FA improves flowability, whereas MK and DE increase system cohesiveness and impair fresh-state performance. The strength at all ages is dominated by BFS, indicating that slag powder is the key constituent for enhancing the mechanical properties of low-carbon fair-faced concrete. Comprehensive evaluation ranked the 16 mixtures in the order of L7, L8, and L4, with L7 exhibiting the best overall performance. The study demonstrates a clear need to balance workability and strength in systems containing multiple mineral admixtures, and that the synergistic use of moderate FA and relatively high BFS is more conducive to improving the overall performance of low-carbon fair-faced concrete.
Low-carbon Fair-faced Concrete; Mineral Admixtures; Workability; Mechanical Properties; Orthogonal Experiment.
Simulation Study on the Influence of Drag Reducing Agent on Oil Mixing Segment in Product Oil Pipeline Transportation
Drag reducing agents (DRAs) play a vital role in reducing flow resistance, improving transportation efficiency, and saving energy consumption in product oil pipeline transportation. During long-distance transportation, product oil usually operates in a turbulent state, and turbulent fluctuations and energy dissipation inside the fluid are the main causes of pressure drop along the pipeline. As high-molecular polymers, DRAs can interact with turbulent structures, attenuate turbulent fluctuations, and reduce energy loss, thereby achieving drag reduction and throughput enhancement. Meanwhile, DRAs also exert certain effects on fluid viscosity and flow field structure, making the flow regime more stable, which presents favorable engineering application value. In this paper, a numerical model of DRA injection into product oil pipelines is established based on FLUENT software to investigate the flow, mixing, and diffusion processes of DRAs in pipelines. By adjusting parameters such as injection angle, injection pipe diameter, injection flow rate, and injection position, the distribution characteristics of DRAs and their influences on the flow field under different working conditions are compared and analyzed. The results show that a reasonable injection scheme can promote uniform distribution of DRAs in the pipeline and improve the mixing degree with the main flow oil, thus enhancing the drag reduction effect. In summary, focusing on the application of DRAs in product oil pipelines, this paper conducts research from both mechanism analysis and numerical simulation, and analyzes the flow characteristics of DRAs in pipelines and their influence laws on the oil mixing segment. The research results can provide a reference for the optimization of DRA injection modes and the control of product oil batch transportation process, which is of certain engineering significance for improving pipeline operation efficiency and reducing transportation costs.
Product Oil Pipeline; Drag Reducing Agent; CFD Numerical Simulation; Mixing and Diffusion; Batch Transportation; Oil Mixing Segment.
Diffusion Characteristics of Particulate Pollutants Across Street Locations
Street canyons, as a key component of the urban built environment, strongly influence the diffusion and retention of particulate pollutants due to their complex airflow structures. To investigate the diffusion mechanisms of particulate matter released from different locations within street canyons, a two-dimensional idealized canyon model without vegetation was employed. A steady-state flow field was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and a Lagrangian particle-tracking approach was applied to analyze particle trajectories and transport behaviors at different spatial positions. Results indicate the formation of a stable primary vortex within the canyon. The central region, characterized by low wind speeds and recirculating streamlines, significantly inhibits particle dispersion, whereas the upper canyon and free-flow regions promote rapid particle removal due to higher wind velocities. Particle release location plays a critical role in diffusion efficiency: particles released near the upper region or close to the free-flow boundary disperse rapidly when their initial momentum aligns with the main flow direction; particles in the vortex core are prone to long-term trapping; and particles near the ground can gradually rise due to boundary layer disturbances but exhibit prolonged residence times. Additionally, the alignment between particle initial velocity and local flow structure significantly affects their ability to escape vortex constraints. These findings highlight the sensitivity of particulate dispersion to spatial location and flow structures within street canyons, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing urban ventilation and pollution control strategies.
Street Canyon; Particle Dispersion; Lagrangian Particle Tracking.
Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Method Based on Implicit Scenario Discovery and Dynamic Weighted Fusion
Wind power intermittency and uncertainty significantly increase the complexity of power grid dispatch and impose more stringent requirements on the secure and stable operation of power systems. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a scenario-oriented dynamic selection and fusion decision framework based on dynamic quantile thresholds and a performance matrix. First, a forecasting model pool consisting of physical mechanism models, statistical regression models, and individual deep learning models is constructed, and the applicable boundaries of different model categories are clarified. Second, a three-dimensional orthogonal feature space is established, and dynamic quantile thresholds are introduced to enable implicit scenario identification for wind power time series. Finally, a pyramidal evaluation index system is developed, together with a dynamic selection and fusion triggering mechanism. On the basis of the scenario–model performance matrix, the proposed framework adaptively switches between the two modes of single-model locking and multi-model weighted fusion. Experimental results using measured data from a wind farm show that the proposed method effectively mitigates the degradation in forecasting performance of individual models under extreme scenarios, such as ramping events and cut-in/cut-out moments. Consequently, the method significantly improves forecasting accuracy while demonstrating strong scenario adaptability and robustness.
Implicit Scenarios; Power Forecasting; Weighted Fusion; Dynamic Selection.
BALIMONT Bifidobacterial Synbiotic/Postbiotic Composition for Increasing IgA: Clinical Evidence and Translational Interpretation
We evaluated the translational basis of a BALIMONT immune-support composition that combines Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, heat-inactivated Lactococcus lactis, prebiotic substrates, and a double-layer encapsulation system. Rather than presenting an unverified trial as completed research, we integrated the formulation's retained technical findings with publicly available randomized controlled trials, pilot studies, and meta-analytic evidence relevant to mucosal IgA, secretory IgA, bifidobacterial enrichment, and immune challenge responses. The retained formulation data support an equal-ratio live-strain design, a 1:1 postbiotic-to-probiotic balance, and an encapsulation strategy intended to improve survival through gastric transit. Public human evidence shows that synbiotic supplementation can raise stool sIgA in healthy adults, that bifidobacterial and lactobacillary interventions can augment salivary secretory IgA or vaccine-response markers, and that heat-treated bifidobacterial preparations can support mucosal immune endpoints in selected populations. At the same time, the literature also shows substantial strain specificity and outcome heterogeneity. Taken together, the available evidence supports the biological plausibility of an IgA-oriented synbiotic/postbiotic strategy, but it does not yet establish the clinical efficacy of this exact composition. We therefore interpret the present formulation as a scientifically coherent candidate for a future registered human trial, supported by a stronger translational rationale than by direct source-verified efficacy data.
IgA; Secretory IgA; Mucosal Immunity; Bifidobacterium; Postbiotic; Synbiotic; Lactobacillus Rhamnosus; Gut Microbiota.
Research on Power Battery Closed-loop Supply Chain Recycling Strategy Considering Service Level
Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the recycling of waste power batteries has gradually become a research hotspot. The service level of recycling enterprises and the energy density of power batteries are key factors influencing the recycling efficiency and overall profit of the closed-loop supply chain. Taking the closed-loop supply chain of power batteries as the research subject, this paper considers the energy density of power batteries and the recycling service level, and constructs three game models of closed-loop supply chains where power battery manufacturers, new energy vehicle enterprises, and third-party recycling enterprises are responsible for recycling, respectively. Through a comparative analysis of the optimal decisions among different models, it is found that improving the recycling service level can significantly enhance the overall recovery rate and the total profit of the supply chain. Among the three modes, the recycling mode led by power battery manufacturers exhibits the greatest advantages in both the recovery rate and the total system profit. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of recycling modes and the optimization of service decisions in the closed-loop supply chain of new energy power batteries.
Closed-loop Supply Chain; Power Battery; Recycling Service Level; Game Theory; Recycling Mode.
Application of New Energy Technologies in Aero Engines and Gas Turbines
The intensification of global climate change and environmental pollution has made achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality a core strategy for global development. With the continuous advancement of new energy technologies, the utilization of clean energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydrogen has brought profound transformations to the traditional energy structure. In this context, the fields of aero engines and gas turbines are also facing both pressure and opportunities for low-carbon transition. This paper analyzes new energy power generation technologies under the “dual carbon” strategy, and, in conjunction with the working principles and development trends of aero engines and gas turbines, explores the application prospects and challenges of these technologies in the aviation and energy sectors. It further proposes a technological integration pathway for low-carbon and high-efficiency power systems. The results indicate that the integration of new energy generation technologies with aero engines and gas turbines provides a feasible technical route for advancing the green energy transition; however, numerous technical challenges remain to be addressed in practical applications.
Dual Carbon Strategy; New Energy; Hydrogen Energy; Aero Engine; Gas Turbine.
The Supporting Role and Challenges of Remote Sensing Technology in Whole-Process Carbon Emission Accounting
Traditional carbon emission accounting has long been constrained by insufficient spatiotemporal resolution, limited coverage, and inadequate dynamic monitoring capabilities. Remote sensing technology, leveraging its inherent advantages of non-contact observation, synchronous wide-area sensing, and multi-scale dynamic tracking, has been deeply integrated into the entire process of carbon emission accounting, emerging as a pivotal force for addressing these challenges. Combined with practical application examples of technologies such as night light remote sensing and LiDAR, it deeply analyzes the core technical challenges in accounting accuracy control, multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, and industry-specific accounting method adaptation. Research has shown that remote sensing technology can construct a 1km-scale high-resolution carbon emission spatial grid. The correlation coefficient between the vegetation net primary productivity inverted by the CASA model and the ground measured values ranges from 0.6–0.9. However, factors including observation environmental interferences, inversion algorithm limitations, and industrial emission heterogeneity render the issue of data uncertainty highly pronounced. This article proposes a targeted technological optimization path to enhance the scientific and accurate accounting of carbon emissions throughout the entire process, and provide practical reference for the implementation of the "dual carbon" strategic goals.
Remote Sensing Technology; Carbon Emission Accounting; Carbon Sources and Sinks; Whole-Process Support; Accounting Accuracy.
Pedestrian Flow Prediction Method Based on LSTM
With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban population density has risen sharply, leading to increasingly severe social security and traffic congestion problems. To address these issues, this study proposes a dynamic and accurate regional pedestrian flow prediction model based on the LSTM neural network, which fuses temporal, statistical and semantic features. Meanwhile, the prediction results are applied to assist relevant departments in pedestrian flow management. Experimental results show that the model achieves a mean squared error (MSE) as low as 29.2530 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.5059, outperforming traditional prediction methods significantly. Additionally, the integration of the SmoothL1Loss function and early stopping mechanism has notably improved the robustness of the model. Error analysis indicates that 83.5% of the prediction errors are controlled within ±20 people, which fully meets the requirements of public safety early warning and traffic congestion prediction. This model provides data support for relevant departments to manage urban pedestrian flow efficiently and accurately, effectively helping the government reduce management and control costs and improve the efficiency of emergency response.
Pedestrian Flow; Prediction; LSTM Neural Network; Feature Engineering; Model Optimization; Public Security.
The Influence of Synsedimentary Faults on the Restoration of the Original Basin
The restoration of the original basin is a core geological task for reconstructing the original appearance of sedimentary basins, revealing the evolution laws of basins, and guiding the exploration of oil, gas and other mineral resources. As a tectonic phenomenon that occurs simultaneously with sedimentation during the evolution of sedimentary basins, syn-sedimentary faults directly control the boundary morphology of the basin, the migration of sedimentary centers, the distribution of strata thickness and the paleogeomorphic features. They are key controlling factors that cannot be ignored in the process of original basin restoration. This paper systematically reviews the relevant research results of syn-sedimentary faults and original basin restoration, elaborates on the geological overview of typical regions, summarizes the current research status at home and abroad and the commonly used research methods, and focuses on discussing the classification of syn-sedimentary faults, the methods of paleogeomorphic restoration under the control of syn-sedimentary faults, as well as the specific impacts of syn-sedimentary faults on the boundaries of the original basin, sedimentary filling and tectonic patterns. Finally, it summarizes the existing deficiencies in current research and looks forward to future research directions, providing theoretical references and technical support for subsequent original basin restoration research and mineral resource exploration.
Qikou Depression; The Transition Period of the Fault Depression; Tectonic Evolution; Sedimentary System; Original Appearance.
Clinical and Translational Evidence for BALIMONT, a Lactobacillus acidophilus-Centered Biotic Composition, in Modulating Immune-Inflammatory Responses
Background: Low-grade inflammation, mucosal-barrier disruption, and recurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory symptoms frequently coexist in adults with immune-inflammatory dysregulation. Multi-strain probiotic systems and postbiotic preparations have both shown anti-inflammatory potential in human studies, but formulation-specific evidence remains essential. Objective: We aimed to present a evidence paper for the BALIMONT composition by integrating retained formulation benchmark data with available clinical trials and meta-analyses relevant to its strains, postbiotic strategy, biomarker framework, and symptom targets. Methods: We retained the original composition architecture, comparator logic, core numerical benchmarks, and three source figures from the development dossier. We then searched peer-reviewed public sources up to March 2026 for randomized controlled trials, placebo-controlled trials, pilot studies, and meta-analyses involving Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, probiotics, postbiotics, inflammatory biomarkers, and gastrointestinal symptom outcomes. We prioritized adult human data and outcome measures directly relevant to hs-CRP/CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, calprotectin, and GI symptom burden. Results: The retained BALIMONT benchmark program showed a stronger comparator-direction signal for inflammatory suppression and barrier support than the live-bacteria-only reference, including a 68.2% reduction in total serum inflammatory factors and a 42.6% increase in colonic tight-junction protein expression in the lead example, versus 32.5% and 18.3%, respectively, in the comparator framework. Across external human evidence, a meta-analysis of 42 randomized trials reported significant reductions in hs-CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 together with higher IL-10 after probiotic supplementation, while a 2023 umbrella meta-analysis also supported reductions in CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL-6. Strain-relevant clinical studies further showed improvements in bloating with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM plus Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, decreased inflammatory and lipid-related markers with heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L-137 in overweight adults, improved IBS-D symptom severity with both live and heat-treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, and significant reduction in fecal calprotectin with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 in older adults with chronic low-grade inflammation. Conclusions: The currently available human evidence supports the anti-inflammatory plausibility of the BALIMONT design and aligns with its retained benchmark endpoints, particularly for CRP-related inflammation, cytokine modulation, GI symptom improvement, and postbiotic-enabled translational relevance. A prospective registered trial remains necessary for direct confirmation of this exact formulation.
BALIMONT; Lactobacillus Acidophilus; Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum; Bifidobacterium Longum; Postbiotics; Inflammation; hs-CRP; IL-6; TNF-alpha; GI Symptoms.
Clinical Evaluation of an NVTIA 5-HTP-L-Theanine-GABA Sleep Rhythm Support System
Background: Sleep-support formulations are often marketed as simple ingredient stacks, yet clinically relevant performance depends on whether precursor support, relaxation support, sleep-maintenance support, and gastrointestinal tolerability are coordinated within a practical oral dose window. Methods: We evaluated the NVTIA ternary system by combining its ratio-defined formulation disclosure and patent-reported preclinical benchmarks with published human clinical evidence on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), L-theanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). We retained the original preclinical data structure and figures, then matched those results against randomized or controlled human studies of the three principal ingredients. We also mapped a realistic sleep-medicine validation setting to the Sleep laboratory of the Department of Pulmonology at University Hospital Zurich. Results: In the source preclinical dataset, the balanced Example V and the higher-GABA Example VI outperformed blank control, 5-HTP alone, and an L-theanine-plus-GABA binary comparator on sleep-onset rate, sleep latency, and total sleep duration. Published human trials showed that 5-HTP 100 mg/day for 12 weeks improved selected sleep-quality components in older adults, particularly among poor sleepers; GABA 300 mg/day for 4 weeks reduced sleep latency and improved sleep efficacy in patients with insomnia symptoms; and L-theanine improved Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index components, light sleep, and objective sleep efficiency across controlled trials. Conclusions: We interpret the NVTIA system as a clinically credible formulation-engineering platform in which 5-HTP primarily supports sleep initiation, L-theanine supports relaxation and sleep quality, and GABA strengthens sleep-maintenance depth. Current human evidence strongly supports the component logic of the ternary architecture, while direct randomized validation of the exact fixed-ratio formulation remains the next necessary step.
5-HTP; L-theanine; GABA; Sleep Rhythm; Sleep Quality; Insomnia; Randomized Trial; Formulation Engineering; NVTIA.
Synthetic ammonia is widely used in the production processes of industrial nitric acid, ammonium salts, fertilizers, etc., playing an indirect role in promoting the development of the national economy. At the same time, as one of the basic raw materials for industrial construction and chemical development, the demand for ammonia in various related industries has also increased by tons. However, as an important participant in industrial development and the national economy, traditional synthetic ammonia often has huge energy consumption and low profitability. Therefore, research and development of synthetic ammonia catalysts have continuously emerged. This article elaborates on the research and development of synthetic ammonia catalysts, combining the latest content on the research and development of synthetic ammonia, looks forward to the trends in synthetic ammonia research and development, and provides a certain summary, in order to have a comprehensive understanding of the development and operation methods of synthetic ammonia catalysts.
A System Dynamics Approach to Optimizing Pension Insurance Pooling Governance: A Four-Dimensional Collaborative Path for Yingkou City
Based on the author’s doctoral dissertation, this paper examines how system dynamics can be used to optimize regional pooling governance in China’s pension insurance system under unified provincial pooling rules. Using Yingkou City in Liaoning Province as the focal case and drawing on comparative evidence from the province’s 13 prefecture-level cities during 2015-2024, the paper integrates three layers of evidence: efficiency decomposition, influencing-factor identification, and dynamic pathway simulation. The preceding dissertation results show that Yingkou’s main efficiency bottleneck lies in pure technical efficiency (PTE) rather than scale efficiency (SE): the mean PTE is 0.60, clearly lower than the mean SE of 0.89, and during the 2020 shock year PTE declined to 0.54 while SE remained relatively stable at 0.88. This structure indicates that fragmented procedures, inconsistent information standards, weak interdepartmental coordination, and incomplete closed-loop supervision are more important obstacles than simple scale shortage. On this basis, a system dynamics framework is constructed with stock variables such as cumulative fund balance, insured population, benefit recipients, and governance-capacity stock; flow variables such as contribution revenue, fiscal subsidies, benefit expenditure, and risk handling; and four policy dimensions of policy adaptation, resource integration, technological empowerment, and regulatory assurance. The analysis shows that isolated digitalization is insufficient for sustained governance improvement. More stable gains require coordinated reform that first clarifies rules and closes high-frequency processes, then improves resource coordination and data connectivity, and finally embeds risk control and performance constraints into routine operations. The paper therefore proposes a phased optimization path for Yingkou that centers on benefit-eligibility certification, automatic cross-department verification, process reengineering, and continuous monitoring of process-performance indicators. The study contributes a practical city-level pathway for pension insurance governance and extends the dynamic-balance view of efficiency from measurement to simulation-based policy design.
Pension Insurance; System Dynamics; Regional Pooling Efficiency; Yingkou City; Digital Governance; Four-Dimensional Collaborative Mechanism.
Innovation and Application of Cooperative Management Mechanism of Progress and Cost of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Projects
Aiming at the inefficiency caused by the separation of schedule and cost control in oil and gas exploration and development projects, a dynamic collaborative management mechanism based on digital twinning and deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is constructed in this study. Through system dynamics modeling, it reveals the dynamic influence of key coupling variables such as geological risk index and engineering complexity on schedule and cost, and puts forward a management framework of "three-layer linkage and dynamic closed loop": using the digital twin platform integrated with Internet of Things and BIM to realize real-time correction of geological risks; The deep Q network (DQN) is used to solve the multi-objective optimal scheduling strategy. Establish a closed-loop process of "early warning-negotiation-adjustment-learning" to improve the management synergy coefficient. Taking Block Y of X Oilfield as an example, after implementation, the project duration was shortened by 2.4 months, the cost overrun rate was reduced by 20.9%, and the inter-departmental decision-making period was shortened to 1.5 days, which verified the remarkable effect of this mechanism in unconventional oil and gas field projects and provided a reusable technical path for project collaborative management under complex geological conditions.
Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Fields; Cost Collaborative Management; Digital Twins; Deep Reinforcement Learning.
Study on Thermal History Simulation Method of Sedimentary Basin
The study of thermal history of sedimentary basins is an important part of basin dynamics and hydrocarbon accumulation analysis, which is of great significance for revealing the maturation and evolution of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion processes and hydrocarbon accumulation rules. In this paper, two basic methods of basin thermal history restoration are systematically sorted out: tectonic thermal evolution method and paleotemperature scale method. The tectonic thermal evolution method is based on the dynamic model of the lithosphere scale. By simulating the tectonic subsidence and thermal effects of different types of basins such as extension, foreland, craton and strike-slip pull-apart, the basin heat flow history is obtained by forward modeling. The paleo-thermometer method uses the paleo-geothermal information recorded by the paleo-thermometer such as vitrinite reflectance, asphalt reflectance, fission track and (U-Th)/He in the sedimentary strata of the basin to invert the thermal history of the basin. The combination of the two methods can give full play to the advantages of forward modeling and inversion, and make up for the shortcomings of a single method. In addition, this paper also discusses the temperature application range of different paleotemperature scales, the progress of dynamic models and their application examples in the analysis of oil and gas basins. The research shows that the tectonic thermal evolution method is suitable for revealing the origin of the basin and the evolution process of the lithosphere, while the paleo-thermometer method, especially the low-temperature thermochronology method, can accurately describe the thermal history path of the basin. The combined use of the two methods is the development trend of the current basin thermal history research.
Sedimentary Basin; Thermal History Simulation; Structural Thermal Evolution Method.
Mechanism of Differential Natural Gas Enrichment on the Northern and Southern Sides of the Lingshui Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin
The natural gas enrichment in the Lingshui Sag of the Qiongdongnan Basin exhibits a prominent spatial pattern characterized as "superior in the south and inferior in the north, dry in the south and mixed in the north." This paper systematically compares the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions on the northern and southern sides to elucidate the mechanisms driving this differential enrichment. Research indicates that the coal-measure source rocks of the Yacheng Formation on the southern side possess tremendous hydrocarbon generation potential. Furthermore, the deep-water gravity flow channel sandstone reservoirs of the Huangliu Formation are large in scale and feature excellent physical properties. Coupled with the development of a highly efficient three-dimensional vertical transport system composed of mud diapirs and associated faults, the southern side possesses a superior foundation for hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast, the northern side is constrained by multiple unfavorable factors, including low organic matter abundance in source rocks, thin and poor-quality submarine fan reservoirs, weak fault transport connectivity, and a high susceptibility to dispersion, which ultimately limits the scale of natural gas accumulation. The spatial configuration differences in various geological factors—namely generation, storage, and transportation—directly determine the accumulation efficiency and scale of natural gas in this region.
Qiongdongnan Basin; Lingshui Sag; Differential Enrichment.
Core-Shell Nanolipid Co-Delivery of Ergothioneine, Curcumin, and Piperine: Integrating Formulation Performance with Human Clinical Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory and Healthy-Aging Applications
Background: Ergothioneine, curcumin, and piperine are mechanistically complementary but translationally limited by divergent physicochemical behavior, uneven release kinetics, and bioavailability constraints. We therefore reconstructed a core-shell hierarchical nanolipid system and integrated its formulation performance with available human clinical evidence relevant to the three-active strategy. Methods: We extracted formulation architecture, encapsulation, release, and stability data from the source patent dossier. We then performed a targeted evidence synthesis of published human interventional studies indexed in PubMed and related registry records available through 28 March 2026, focusing on ergothioneine and/or curcumin-piperine trials that reported efficacy or safety outcomes relevant to inflammation, redox biology, tissue integrity, cognition, skin physiology, or functional status. Results: The nanolipid embodiments maintained nanoscale particle size (28.4-47.5 nm in leading embodiments), low PDI (0.087-0.112), strong negative zeta potential (-38.7 to -41.2 mV), and high encapsulation efficiencies for all three actives (>91% in the principal embodiments). The leading embodiment also showed synchronized 24-hour release (~74-78% for all three actives) and strong 12-month activity retention (>93% for all three actives), outperforming multiple comparators. Our evidence synthesis identified published human data showing that ergothioneine improved skin hydration and facial condition markers in healthy women and improved learning-related performance with a favorable safety profile in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Published curcumin-piperine trials demonstrated improvements in oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, glycemic or hepatic indices, and selected functional outcomes across metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hemodialysis, inflammatory bowel disease, CABG recovery, and sepsis, while one phase III rheumatoid arthritis maintenance trial was neutral for flare-free survival. Conclusions: We interpret the formulation dataset and human evidence base together as a coherent translational signal: the spatially partitioned nanolipid carrier addresses major formulation liabilities, while the published clinical literature supports biological plausibility for anti-inflammatory and healthy-aging applications. A direct randomized trial of the exact triad carrier remains the key next step.
Ergothioneine; Curcumin; Piperine; Nanolipid Carrier; Core-shell Delivery; Oxidative Stress; Inflammation; Healthy Aging; Translational Evidence.
Clinical Evaluation of an NVTIA β-Carotene–Grape Seed Extract Retinal Protection Formulation
We evaluated an eight-component retinal-support formulation that combines lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, β-carotene, blueberry extract, grape seed extract, L-ergothioneine, saffron extract, and phosphatidylserine within a dual-phase microencapsulation platform. We retained the available formulation-characterization dataset for lipid-soluble oxidation, water-soluble retention, 45-minute dissolution, and blue-light–stressed retinal pigment epithelial survival, and we paired those data with published randomized or controlled human trials across the clinically closest ingredient domains. Embodiment 1 limited oxidation of lipid-soluble components to 0.8%, preserved 99.2% of water-soluble actives, reached 92.5% dissolution at 45 minutes, and maintained 89.7% retinal pigment epithelial cell survival after blue-light induction. Published human evidence was strongest for the carotenoid and saffron pillars: AREDS2 enrolled 4203 participants and supported lutein/zeaxanthin as a safer and clinically preferable substitute for β-carotene in at-risk age-related macular degeneration populations; meso-zeaxanthin-containing carotenoid trials improved macular pigment and glare-related contrast sensitivity; and saffron supplementation improved retinal electrophysiology and modestly improved best-corrected visual acuity in mild-to-moderate age-related macular degeneration. Anthocyanin-rich berry extract reduced video-display-terminal–related ocular fatigue, and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improved hard exudates in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In our search, direct randomized retinal-endpoint trials centered on ergothioneine or phosphatidylserine were not identified. We conclude that the formulation has a credible translational rationale for retinal protection, with human evidence distributed unevenly across its component domains rather than concentrated in a completed trial of the exact finished formula.
Retina; β-carotene; Grape Seed Extract; Lutein; Meso-zeaxanthin; Saffron; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Blue-light Stress; Macular Pigment; Clinical Trial.
Simulation Study of Environmentally Friendly Lead-Free All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
The toxicity of lead in perovskite solar cells has long been a significant barrier to their widespread commercialization. The improvement of environmentally friendly tandem solar cells presents the additional challenge of identifying highly efficient materials for both the wide-bandgap top cell and the narrow-bandgap bottom cell. In this study, we have reported a lead-free, non-toxic tandem perovskite solar cell , investigated through numerical simulations, by pairing an Sb³⁺-doped double perovskite, Cs2AgBi0.75Sb0.25Br6, with a bandgap of 1.8 eV, as the top cell, with a tin-based MASnI₃ bottom cell, which has a bandgap of 1.3 eV. Upon optimization, the simulated device achieves an open-circuit voltage of 2.29 V, a current density of 15.5 mA/cm², and a remarkable photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 26.8%. These results are on par with the performance of state-of-the-art Pb-based tandems, highlighting the competitiveness of Pb-free materials. These simulation results highlight the potential of lead-free perovskite tandem architectures for environmentally sustainable, high-efficiency photovoltaic applications.
Perovskite; Solar Cell; Tandem; Lead-free; Device Simulation.
Preparation and Release Mechanism of Natural-Skeleton Sustained-Release Tracer Particles
In the current field of petroleum development, water-source identification and water shutoff in horizontal wells have become key difficulties affecting the sustained development of such wells. Intelligent tracer-based water diagnosis and shutoff technology can provide highly intuitive information on the location and intensity of water production along the horizontal section and therefore has broad development prospects. However, the long-term performance of intelligent tracer-based water shutoff in horizontal wells is influenced by many factors, such as erosion by formation fluids and aging of shutoff materials. In field applications, effective methods for monitoring and evaluating the long-term effect of water shutoff treatments are still lacking, making it difficult to accurately judge their long-term effectiveness. A better understanding of the dominant factors controlling the sustained-release behavior of intelligent tracers, and further optimization of that behavior, is a prerequisite for subsequent intelligent tracer-based water-control operations in horizontal wells. Therefore, taking a self-developed water-soluble intelligent tracer as the research object, this paper investigates its macroscopic physical properties and microstructure by CT scanning. Based on the characteristics of its physical skeleton, a suitable sustained-release tracer was selected, and static scouring experiments were carried out. The sustained-release behavior was qualitatively analyzed from four aspects: scouring flow rate, temperature, particle diameter, and active-component content. The static scouring experiments demonstrate that this natural skeleton can realize rapid tracer release and satisfy the requirement of sensitivity to water-flow velocity. The experiments also show that scouring flow rate and temperature are the main factors affecting sustained-release performance; within an appropriate range, higher temperature and higher scouring flow rate accelerate the release process. Particle diameter and active-component content are not the dominant control factors. Among the four factors, scouring flow rate has the strongest effect. Under a certain scouring rate, the tracer component stored inside the skeleton can be released rapidly, and the release efficiency can approach 100%. The results indicate that this intelligent tracer can be released rapidly in the short term and is highly sensitive to water-flow velocity. It can provide a rapid evaluation tool for subsequent field water-finding and water-shutoff operations, and it also provides a reference for selecting skeleton materials and tracer components for sustained-release tracer particles and for interpreting tracer-concentration curves.
Natural Skeleton; Release Mechanism; Experimental Preparation; Sustained-release Tracer; Intelligent Tracer.
Analysis of Aroma Compound Characteristics During Spreading and Cooling of Nongxiang Baijiu
Spreading and cooling is a crucial process in strong-flavor (Nongxiang) Baijiu production, during which volatile aroma substances are emitted and closely related to Baijiu flavor formation and brewing resource utilization. In this study, dynamic sampling was used to collect gaseous substances at six time nodes (0-2 min to 10-12 min) during the spreading and cooling process in a semi-automatic workshop of a southwest Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu distillery. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and retention index (RI) was applied for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of gas components, and the dynamic changes of key aroma substances were analyzed by referencing the Wuliangye flavor wheel. The results showed that a total of 83 aroma substances were identified, belonging to seven categories including aromatic compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and acids, with aromatic compounds and aldehydes being the dominant components; the gas was characterized by grain, baking and sour aromas. Ten key aroma substances of strong-flavor Baijiu were screened, and their contents exhibited obvious dynamic changes with spreading and cooling time, generally increasing first and then decreasing, peaking at about 6 min and rebounding slightly at 10-12 min (possibly due to hot water vapor sedimentation). Cluster analysis indicated that the initial and middle stages differed mainly in aroma substance content, while the late stage was distinguished by the comprehensive effect of various aroma substances. This study established a preliminary method for collecting and analyzing spreading and cooling gas, and revealed the composition and dynamic change rules of its aroma compounds, providing a theoretical basis for the resource recovery of brewing by-products and the construction of a green low-carbon production mode for strong-flavor Baijiu.
Nongxiang Baijiu; Spreading and Cooling Process; Gas Characteristics.
Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: Application Progress and Future Challenges
Medical Imaging occupies a central position in modern clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, faced with vast and continuously growing volumes of complex imaging data, traditional image processing algorithms reliant on manual features struggle to meet the demands for efficient and precise clinical applications. Against this backdrop, Deep Learning technology, leveraging its unique advantages, has demonstrated immense application potential in Medical Imaging, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis. This paper systematically reviews the primary technological developments and practical application scenarios of Deep Learning within the Medical Imaging domain. The focus will be on key application areas such as image reconstruction, segmentation, and registration, alongside multimodal synthesis, intelligent lesion detection, and computer-aided diagnosis. Finally, the paper will delve into the current limitations of these technologies and explore future development directions, aiming to provide valuable reference for research and application in this field.
Medical Imaging; Deep Learning; Image Reconstruction; Computer-aided diagnosis; Image Segmentation; Federated Learning; Multimodal Large Models.
Analysis of JTEKT's Patent Layout for Steer-by-Wire and its Enlightenment to China's Automotive Industry
Against the backdrop of the rapid iteration of intelligent connected vehicles and autonomous driving technologies, Steer-by-Wire (SBW) has become the core technical direction for the upgrading of automotive steering systems. As a global leader in the electric power steering sector, as well as a pioneer and mass-production promoter of SBW technology, JTEKT has laid out a large number of core patents worldwide, forming significant technological barriers and intellectual property advantages. Based on global SBW patent data, this paper combs the technical architecture, analyzes the patent application trends, and dissects the competitive landscape of major applicants. It focuses on the patent application status, subdivided technical layout characteristics, and technological route evolution of JTEKT in the SBW field, summarizes its patent layout strategy and core technical advantages, and puts forward targeted suggestions for technological R&D and patent layout combined with the current situation of China's automotive industry, so as to provide a reference for domestic automakers and component enterprises to break through foreign technological blockades and achieve independent control of SBW technology.
Steer-by-Wire; JTEKT; Patent Analysis; Technical Layout; Functional Safety; Autonomous Driving.
Design of an Intelligent Lotus Root Node Cutting Machine Control System Based on PLC and Machine Vision1
Aiming at the problems of traditional lotus root processing, such as reliance on manual labor, low efficiency, and poor accuracy in node cutting, this paper designs an intelligent lotus root node cutting machine control system based on PLC and machine vision. The system integrates three modules: motion control, vision inspection, and human-machine interaction. With Siemens S7-200 SMART PLC as the control core, it handles logic decision-making and motion control. The Jetson Nano embedded platform equipped with the YOLOv5s object detection algorithm is used to identify and locate lotus root nodes in real time, and the position information is transmitted to the PLC via Socket communication. Based on this, the PLC drives the stepper motor to precisely control the cutting tool to complete node removal. Meanwhile, the system is equipped with a human-machine interface based on a Weinview touch screen, enabling status monitoring, parameter setting, and multi-level permission management. Experimental results show that the system achieves a node recognition accuracy of 92% and a processing speed of 6 nodes per minute. It features low cost, easy implementation, and stable operation, providing an effective intelligent solution for lotus root deep processing in small and medium-sized enterprises.
Lotus Root Node Cutting; PLC; Machine Vision; YOLOv5; Control System.
Experimental Study on the Rheological Mechanical Properties and Creep Mechanism of Red Mudstone in Central Yunnan
To explore the creep characteristics and mechanism of soft rock from a microscopic perspective, this paper investigates the red mudstone from the Shizishan tunnel section in central Yunnan. A stepwise loading approach was employed to investigate the creep characteristics of the rock samples. A viscous model was established in the 3D particle flow code (PFC), and the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to simulate static fatigue failure of the rock based on experimental data, thereby studying its microscopic creep mechanism. The results show that: (1) Under low stress conditions, the rock samples primarily exhibit decelerating creep, where creep deformation accounts for up to 85% of the total deformation. Under high stress conditions, the rock samples experience the entire creep process, transitioning from decelerating creep, to steady-state creep, and finally to accelerated creep failure, with creep deformation accounting for up to 87% of the total deformation; (2) Shear stress levels significantly affect the creep deformation of rock samples, with a positive correlation between shear stress levels and the time required for decelerating creep to reach a stable state. The proportion of creep deformation in total deformation increases correspondingly; (3) As lateral stress levels increase, the creep strain rate gradually rises. If the stress exceeds the threshold, irreversible stress damage occurs, shortening the creep time; (4) By inserting measurement circles to monitor the coordination number during the loading process, the relationship between porosity and shear mechanism can be determined. The model’s overall fit is high, and the behavior of the 3D model during stepwise loading is essentially consistent with that under single-step loading, validating the reliability of the experiment.
Rock Creep; 3D Particle Flow Code (PFC); Stress Corrosion Model; Crack Propagation.
The Characteristics and Disease/Insect Control of Bijie White Garlic
To clarify the varietal characteristics and supporting production technologies of Bijie white garlic, and improve its yield, quality and cultivation efficiency, this paper takes Guizhou Bijie white garlic as the research object. By combining literature review and field production practice summary, it systematically studies its species overview, biological characteristics, morphological characteristics and growth and development rules, and puts forward integrated prevention and control measures for main diseases and insect pests. The results show that Bijie white garlic features large bulbs, high quality and strong cold resistance, with a growth period of 250–280 days. The dry garlic yield per mu in monocropping can reach 800–1000 kg. Its growth has staged demands for temperature, light and water, and the bulb expansion stage is the critical period for yield formation. It is mainly affected by diseases and pests such as rust, leaf blight, garlic maggot and thrips. Reasonable regulation of environmental conditions, scientific water and fertilizer management and green integrated prevention and control can significantly improve the yield and commodity value of white garlic. This study can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the standardized cultivation, seed breeding and green production of Bijie white garlic.
Bijie White Garlic; Biological Characteristics; Morphological Characteristics; Growth and Development; Disease/Insect Control.
Evaluation System for the Overseas Competitiveness of Chinese Automobile Products
In the new stage of deep integration between global competition and localized operations, building a scientific, systematic, and operable "automotive overseas product capability evaluation system" is of key significance for promoting the sustainable international development of Chinese automobile enterprises with product value as the core. Based on the international competitive practices of Chinese automotive products, this study proposes a dual evaluation dimension of "intrinsic quality" and "appealing quality" to construct an automotive product evaluation system that meets the requirements of overseas markets.
Automotive Overseas Product Capability Evaluation System; Intrinsic Quality; Appealing Quality.