Research Progress on Leak Detection, Localization, and Intelligent Identification Technologies for Hydrogen Storage Pipelines

Abstract

With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, hydrogen storage pipelines—as critical infrastructure for large-scale hydrogen transportation—have drawn widespread attention regarding their safe operation. This paper focuses on the current state of development in hydrogen storage pipeline leak monitoring technology. It provides a systematic review of the mechanisms of leak formation, diffusion patterns, and leak signal characteristics. The paper summarizes leak detection and localization technologies based on fluid parameters, acoustics, optics, and sensors, with a particular emphasis on analyzing research progress in the application of machine learning, deep learning, and multi-source information fusion for intelligent leak identification. It also discusses the challenges facing current technologies and outlines future development trends, with the aim of providing guidance for the advancement and engineering application of hydrogen storage pipeline leak monitoring technology.