Reproduction of the Multiphase Structure Characteristics of Typical Corrosion Products on the Surfaces of Underwater Cultural Relics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54691/08nmh193Keywords:
Microbial Mineralized Layer; Sol-gel process; Multiphase Structure; Underwater Ceramic Substrate; Archaeological Conservation.Abstract
The multiphase corrosion structure on the surface of underwater ceramic cultural relics was successfully replicated via the sol-gel process combined with hydrothermal mineralization treatment. XRD analysis indicates that the corrosion layer mainly consists of pyrite (FeS2, 65±3%) and goethite (α-FeOOH). The difference from the samples of the Nanhai I shipwreck (FeS₂，55±5%) is attributed to the enhanced metabolic conditions in the laboratory. SEM verifies that the layered structure (with a thickness of 200±30 μm) and porosity (35±5%) are highly consistent with those of natural samples (32±7%)(p=0.15). Synchrotron radiation XANES reveals that the coordination state of the amorphous Fe²+ matches that of the glaze layer of the cultural relics (R factor=0.015), confirming the crucial role of the interfacial electron transfer mechanism. The optimization of the sol-gel process enables the control of the chemical composition deviation of the substrate within ±0.4wt% (verified by ICP-OES). The two - step sintering process (400°C+800°C) preserves 6.8 vol% of the amorphous phase, replicating the characteristic interface of the ancient glaze layer. The research on the kinetics of microbial mineralization shows that SRB/FeOB synergistically drive the Fe²+/Fe³+ cycle, forming a structure with the co-existence of pyrite and goethite. The accelerated aging experiment demonstrates that the replicated layer has excellent stability, and its chemical behavior is equivalent to that of real cultural relics.
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